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molecular formula C6H6N2O B132304 Nicotinamide-d4 CAS No. 347841-88-7

Nicotinamide-d4

Cat. No. B132304
M. Wt: 126.15 g/mol
InChI Key: DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-RHQRLBAQSA-N
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Patent
US06218543B1

Procedure details

In this Example a USP grade nicotinamide product was recovered from a crude nicotinamide product medium. The crude contained 39.7% nicotinamide, 2.15% sodium nicotinate and 0.14% 3-cyanopyridine. These and all other percentages given in this Example are percentages by weight unless indicated otherwise. The total sodium content of the medium was 0.38%. On a dry basis, the reaction crude contained 93.7% nicotinamide, 5.07% sodium nicotinate, 0.33% 3-cyanopyridine, and 0.9% total sodium. Cation and weak base resins were utilized in the recovery process. The cation exchange resin was Dowex Marathon C, a sulfonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (gel form). The weak base resin was Dowex Marathon WBA, a dimethylamine-functionalized chloromethylated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (macroporous form with a monodisperse size distribution). After washing with deionized water, these resins were loaded into columns each having an inner diameter of 15 mm and a height of 30 cm, leaving about 1.5 inches head space at the top of the columns. The reaction crude was then successively treated over the cation-exchange resin (at 28 ml/min), the weak base resin (20 ml/min), the cation-exchange resin (28 ml/min), and the weak base resin (20 ml/min). The cation-exchange resin was regenerated after every ten bed volumes of reaction crude, by a cycle that included a water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes), a 12% sulfuric acid strip (7 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes). The weak base resin was regenerated after every five bed volumes of reaction crude, by a cycle including a water wash (20 ml/min, 1.6 bed volumes), a 4% sodium hydroxide strip (20 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (2.6 bed volumes). The feeds were analyzed by HPLC after the first pass cation-exchange and weak base, and second pass cation-exchange and weak base. Typical results from such experiments are presented in Table 1 below, top. The lower section of Table 1 gives a typical product analysis on a water free basis. The extreme right hand column of Table 1 sets out the results of an analysis of the product after recovery by evaporation (no crystallization performed). As can be seen, this processing reduced the 0.9% initial sodium to an undetectable level, and the initial 5.07% nicotinate to 0.13% (as nicotinic acid) on a dry weight basis, providing a USP grade nicotinamide.
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step One
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Two
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Three
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Four
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Five
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Six
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Seven
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Eight
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Nine
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Ten
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Eleven
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Twelve
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Thirteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Fourteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Fifteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 16
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 17
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 18

Identifiers

REACTION_CXSMILES
[C:1]([NH2:9])(=[O:8])[C:2]1[CH:7]=[CH:6][CH:5]=[N:4][CH:3]=1.[C:10]([O-:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[Na+].C(C1C=NC=CC=1)#N.[Na].C=CC1C=CC=CC=1.C(C1C=CC=CC=1C=C)=C.CNC>O>[C:10]([O-:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[C:10]([OH:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[C:1]([NH2:9])(=[O:8])[C:2]1[CH:7]=[CH:6][CH:5]=[N:4][CH:3]=1 |f:1.2,^1:27|

Inputs

Step One
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Step Two
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(#N)C=1C=NC=CC1
Step Three
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
[Na]
Step Four
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C=CC1=CC=CC=C1
Step Five
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(=C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C=C
Step Six
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
CNC
Step Seven
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C=CC1=CC=CC=C1
Step Eight
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(=C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C=C
Step Nine
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Ten
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Eleven
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Twelve
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Thirteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Fourteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Fifteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Step 16
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(#N)C=1C=NC=CC1
Step 17
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
[Na]
Step 18
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N

Conditions

Other
Conditions are dynamic
1
Details
See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Workups

CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
On a dry basis, the reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
After washing with deionized water
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
a height of 30 cm, leaving about 1.5 inches
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
The reaction crude
ADDITION
Type
ADDITION
Details
was then successively treated over the cation-exchange resin (at 28 ml/min)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
after every ten bed volumes of reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes)
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
a 12% sulfuric acid strip (7 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
after every five bed volumes of reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
wash (20 ml/min, 1.6 bed volumes)
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
a 4% sodium hydroxide strip (20 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (2.6 bed volumes)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
Typical results from such experiments
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
results of an analysis of the product after recovery
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
by evaporation (
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
no crystallization

Outcomes

Product
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-]
Measurements
Type Value Analysis
YIELD: PERCENTYIELD 5.07%
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)O
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N

Source

Source
Open Reaction Database (ORD)
Description
The Open Reaction Database (ORD) is an open-access schema and infrastructure for structuring and sharing organic reaction data, including a centralized data repository. The ORD schema supports conventional and emerging technologies, from benchtop reactions to automated high-throughput experiments and flow chemistry. Our vision is that a consistent data representation and infrastructure to support data sharing will enable downstream applications that will greatly improve the state of the art with respect to computer-aided synthesis planning, reaction prediction, and other predictive chemistry tasks.
Patent
US06218543B1

Procedure details

In this Example a USP grade nicotinamide product was recovered from a crude nicotinamide product medium. The crude contained 39.7% nicotinamide, 2.15% sodium nicotinate and 0.14% 3-cyanopyridine. These and all other percentages given in this Example are percentages by weight unless indicated otherwise. The total sodium content of the medium was 0.38%. On a dry basis, the reaction crude contained 93.7% nicotinamide, 5.07% sodium nicotinate, 0.33% 3-cyanopyridine, and 0.9% total sodium. Cation and weak base resins were utilized in the recovery process. The cation exchange resin was Dowex Marathon C, a sulfonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (gel form). The weak base resin was Dowex Marathon WBA, a dimethylamine-functionalized chloromethylated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (macroporous form with a monodisperse size distribution). After washing with deionized water, these resins were loaded into columns each having an inner diameter of 15 mm and a height of 30 cm, leaving about 1.5 inches head space at the top of the columns. The reaction crude was then successively treated over the cation-exchange resin (at 28 ml/min), the weak base resin (20 ml/min), the cation-exchange resin (28 ml/min), and the weak base resin (20 ml/min). The cation-exchange resin was regenerated after every ten bed volumes of reaction crude, by a cycle that included a water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes), a 12% sulfuric acid strip (7 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes). The weak base resin was regenerated after every five bed volumes of reaction crude, by a cycle including a water wash (20 ml/min, 1.6 bed volumes), a 4% sodium hydroxide strip (20 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (2.6 bed volumes). The feeds were analyzed by HPLC after the first pass cation-exchange and weak base, and second pass cation-exchange and weak base. Typical results from such experiments are presented in Table 1 below, top. The lower section of Table 1 gives a typical product analysis on a water free basis. The extreme right hand column of Table 1 sets out the results of an analysis of the product after recovery by evaporation (no crystallization performed). As can be seen, this processing reduced the 0.9% initial sodium to an undetectable level, and the initial 5.07% nicotinate to 0.13% (as nicotinic acid) on a dry weight basis, providing a USP grade nicotinamide.
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step One
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Two
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Three
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Four
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Five
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Six
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Seven
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Eight
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Nine
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Ten
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Eleven
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Twelve
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Thirteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Fourteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Fifteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 16
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 17
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 18

Identifiers

REACTION_CXSMILES
[C:1]([NH2:9])(=[O:8])[C:2]1[CH:7]=[CH:6][CH:5]=[N:4][CH:3]=1.[C:10]([O-:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[Na+].C(C1C=NC=CC=1)#N.[Na].C=CC1C=CC=CC=1.C(C1C=CC=CC=1C=C)=C.CNC>O>[C:10]([O-:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[C:10]([OH:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[C:1]([NH2:9])(=[O:8])[C:2]1[CH:7]=[CH:6][CH:5]=[N:4][CH:3]=1 |f:1.2,^1:27|

Inputs

Step One
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Step Two
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(#N)C=1C=NC=CC1
Step Three
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
[Na]
Step Four
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C=CC1=CC=CC=C1
Step Five
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(=C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C=C
Step Six
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
CNC
Step Seven
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C=CC1=CC=CC=C1
Step Eight
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(=C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C=C
Step Nine
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Ten
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Eleven
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Twelve
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Thirteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Fourteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Fifteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Step 16
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(#N)C=1C=NC=CC1
Step 17
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
[Na]
Step 18
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N

Conditions

Other
Conditions are dynamic
1
Details
See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Workups

CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
On a dry basis, the reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
After washing with deionized water
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
a height of 30 cm, leaving about 1.5 inches
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
The reaction crude
ADDITION
Type
ADDITION
Details
was then successively treated over the cation-exchange resin (at 28 ml/min)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
after every ten bed volumes of reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes)
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
a 12% sulfuric acid strip (7 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
after every five bed volumes of reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
wash (20 ml/min, 1.6 bed volumes)
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
a 4% sodium hydroxide strip (20 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (2.6 bed volumes)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
Typical results from such experiments
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
results of an analysis of the product after recovery
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
by evaporation (
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
no crystallization

Outcomes

Product
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-]
Measurements
Type Value Analysis
YIELD: PERCENTYIELD 5.07%
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)O
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N

Source

Source
Open Reaction Database (ORD)
Description
The Open Reaction Database (ORD) is an open-access schema and infrastructure for structuring and sharing organic reaction data, including a centralized data repository. The ORD schema supports conventional and emerging technologies, from benchtop reactions to automated high-throughput experiments and flow chemistry. Our vision is that a consistent data representation and infrastructure to support data sharing will enable downstream applications that will greatly improve the state of the art with respect to computer-aided synthesis planning, reaction prediction, and other predictive chemistry tasks.
Patent
US06218543B1

Procedure details

In this Example a USP grade nicotinamide product was recovered from a crude nicotinamide product medium. The crude contained 39.7% nicotinamide, 2.15% sodium nicotinate and 0.14% 3-cyanopyridine. These and all other percentages given in this Example are percentages by weight unless indicated otherwise. The total sodium content of the medium was 0.38%. On a dry basis, the reaction crude contained 93.7% nicotinamide, 5.07% sodium nicotinate, 0.33% 3-cyanopyridine, and 0.9% total sodium. Cation and weak base resins were utilized in the recovery process. The cation exchange resin was Dowex Marathon C, a sulfonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (gel form). The weak base resin was Dowex Marathon WBA, a dimethylamine-functionalized chloromethylated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (macroporous form with a monodisperse size distribution). After washing with deionized water, these resins were loaded into columns each having an inner diameter of 15 mm and a height of 30 cm, leaving about 1.5 inches head space at the top of the columns. The reaction crude was then successively treated over the cation-exchange resin (at 28 ml/min), the weak base resin (20 ml/min), the cation-exchange resin (28 ml/min), and the weak base resin (20 ml/min). The cation-exchange resin was regenerated after every ten bed volumes of reaction crude, by a cycle that included a water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes), a 12% sulfuric acid strip (7 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes). The weak base resin was regenerated after every five bed volumes of reaction crude, by a cycle including a water wash (20 ml/min, 1.6 bed volumes), a 4% sodium hydroxide strip (20 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (2.6 bed volumes). The feeds were analyzed by HPLC after the first pass cation-exchange and weak base, and second pass cation-exchange and weak base. Typical results from such experiments are presented in Table 1 below, top. The lower section of Table 1 gives a typical product analysis on a water free basis. The extreme right hand column of Table 1 sets out the results of an analysis of the product after recovery by evaporation (no crystallization performed). As can be seen, this processing reduced the 0.9% initial sodium to an undetectable level, and the initial 5.07% nicotinate to 0.13% (as nicotinic acid) on a dry weight basis, providing a USP grade nicotinamide.
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step One
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Two
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Three
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Four
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Five
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Six
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Seven
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Eight
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Nine
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Ten
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Eleven
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Twelve
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Thirteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Fourteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Fifteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 16
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 17
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 18

Identifiers

REACTION_CXSMILES
[C:1]([NH2:9])(=[O:8])[C:2]1[CH:7]=[CH:6][CH:5]=[N:4][CH:3]=1.[C:10]([O-:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[Na+].C(C1C=NC=CC=1)#N.[Na].C=CC1C=CC=CC=1.C(C1C=CC=CC=1C=C)=C.CNC>O>[C:10]([O-:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[C:10]([OH:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[C:1]([NH2:9])(=[O:8])[C:2]1[CH:7]=[CH:6][CH:5]=[N:4][CH:3]=1 |f:1.2,^1:27|

Inputs

Step One
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Step Two
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(#N)C=1C=NC=CC1
Step Three
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
[Na]
Step Four
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C=CC1=CC=CC=C1
Step Five
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(=C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C=C
Step Six
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
CNC
Step Seven
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C=CC1=CC=CC=C1
Step Eight
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(=C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C=C
Step Nine
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Ten
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Eleven
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Twelve
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Thirteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Fourteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Fifteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Step 16
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(#N)C=1C=NC=CC1
Step 17
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
[Na]
Step 18
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N

Conditions

Other
Conditions are dynamic
1
Details
See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Workups

CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
On a dry basis, the reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
After washing with deionized water
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
a height of 30 cm, leaving about 1.5 inches
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
The reaction crude
ADDITION
Type
ADDITION
Details
was then successively treated over the cation-exchange resin (at 28 ml/min)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
after every ten bed volumes of reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes)
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
a 12% sulfuric acid strip (7 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
after every five bed volumes of reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
wash (20 ml/min, 1.6 bed volumes)
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
a 4% sodium hydroxide strip (20 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (2.6 bed volumes)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
Typical results from such experiments
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
results of an analysis of the product after recovery
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
by evaporation (
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
no crystallization

Outcomes

Product
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-]
Measurements
Type Value Analysis
YIELD: PERCENTYIELD 5.07%
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)O
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N

Source

Source
Open Reaction Database (ORD)
Description
The Open Reaction Database (ORD) is an open-access schema and infrastructure for structuring and sharing organic reaction data, including a centralized data repository. The ORD schema supports conventional and emerging technologies, from benchtop reactions to automated high-throughput experiments and flow chemistry. Our vision is that a consistent data representation and infrastructure to support data sharing will enable downstream applications that will greatly improve the state of the art with respect to computer-aided synthesis planning, reaction prediction, and other predictive chemistry tasks.
Patent
US06218543B1

Procedure details

In this Example a USP grade nicotinamide product was recovered from a crude nicotinamide product medium. The crude contained 39.7% nicotinamide, 2.15% sodium nicotinate and 0.14% 3-cyanopyridine. These and all other percentages given in this Example are percentages by weight unless indicated otherwise. The total sodium content of the medium was 0.38%. On a dry basis, the reaction crude contained 93.7% nicotinamide, 5.07% sodium nicotinate, 0.33% 3-cyanopyridine, and 0.9% total sodium. Cation and weak base resins were utilized in the recovery process. The cation exchange resin was Dowex Marathon C, a sulfonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (gel form). The weak base resin was Dowex Marathon WBA, a dimethylamine-functionalized chloromethylated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene (macroporous form with a monodisperse size distribution). After washing with deionized water, these resins were loaded into columns each having an inner diameter of 15 mm and a height of 30 cm, leaving about 1.5 inches head space at the top of the columns. The reaction crude was then successively treated over the cation-exchange resin (at 28 ml/min), the weak base resin (20 ml/min), the cation-exchange resin (28 ml/min), and the weak base resin (20 ml/min). The cation-exchange resin was regenerated after every ten bed volumes of reaction crude, by a cycle that included a water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes), a 12% sulfuric acid strip (7 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes). The weak base resin was regenerated after every five bed volumes of reaction crude, by a cycle including a water wash (20 ml/min, 1.6 bed volumes), a 4% sodium hydroxide strip (20 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (2.6 bed volumes). The feeds were analyzed by HPLC after the first pass cation-exchange and weak base, and second pass cation-exchange and weak base. Typical results from such experiments are presented in Table 1 below, top. The lower section of Table 1 gives a typical product analysis on a water free basis. The extreme right hand column of Table 1 sets out the results of an analysis of the product after recovery by evaporation (no crystallization performed). As can be seen, this processing reduced the 0.9% initial sodium to an undetectable level, and the initial 5.07% nicotinate to 0.13% (as nicotinic acid) on a dry weight basis, providing a USP grade nicotinamide.
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step One
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Two
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Three
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Four
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Five
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Six
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Seven
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Eight
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Nine
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Ten
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Reaction Step Eleven
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Twelve
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Thirteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Fourteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step Fifteen
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 16
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 17
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Reaction Step 18

Identifiers

REACTION_CXSMILES
[C:1]([NH2:9])(=[O:8])[C:2]1[CH:7]=[CH:6][CH:5]=[N:4][CH:3]=1.[C:10]([O-:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[Na+].C(C1C=NC=CC=1)#N.[Na].C=CC1C=CC=CC=1.C(C1C=CC=CC=1C=C)=C.CNC>O>[C:10]([O-:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[C:10]([OH:18])(=[O:17])[C:11]1[CH:16]=[CH:15][CH:14]=[N:13][CH:12]=1.[C:1]([NH2:9])(=[O:8])[C:2]1[CH:7]=[CH:6][CH:5]=[N:4][CH:3]=1 |f:1.2,^1:27|

Inputs

Step One
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Step Two
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(#N)C=1C=NC=CC1
Step Three
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
[Na]
Step Four
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C=CC1=CC=CC=C1
Step Five
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(=C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C=C
Step Six
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
CNC
Step Seven
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C=CC1=CC=CC=C1
Step Eight
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(=C)C1=C(C=CC=C1)C=C
Step Nine
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Ten
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Eleven
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
solvent
Smiles
O
Step Twelve
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Thirteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Fourteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N
Step Fifteen
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
Step 16
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(#N)C=1C=NC=CC1
Step 17
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
[Na]
Step 18
Name
Quantity
0 (± 1) mol
Type
reactant
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N

Conditions

Other
Conditions are dynamic
1
Details
See reaction.notes.procedure_details.

Workups

CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
On a dry basis, the reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
After washing with deionized water
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
a height of 30 cm, leaving about 1.5 inches
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
The reaction crude
ADDITION
Type
ADDITION
Details
was then successively treated over the cation-exchange resin (at 28 ml/min)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
after every ten bed volumes of reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes)
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
a 12% sulfuric acid strip (7 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (20 ml/min, 1.25 bed volumes)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
after every five bed volumes of reaction crude
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
wash (20 ml/min, 1.6 bed volumes)
WASH
Type
WASH
Details
a 4% sodium hydroxide strip (20 ml/min, 1 bed volume), and another water wash (2.6 bed volumes)
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
Typical results from such experiments
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
results of an analysis of the product after recovery
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
by evaporation (
CUSTOM
Type
CUSTOM
Details
no crystallization

Outcomes

Product
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)[O-]
Measurements
Type Value Analysis
YIELD: PERCENTYIELD 5.07%
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)O
Name
Type
product
Smiles
C(C1=CN=CC=C1)(=O)N

Source

Source
Open Reaction Database (ORD)
Description
The Open Reaction Database (ORD) is an open-access schema and infrastructure for structuring and sharing organic reaction data, including a centralized data repository. The ORD schema supports conventional and emerging technologies, from benchtop reactions to automated high-throughput experiments and flow chemistry. Our vision is that a consistent data representation and infrastructure to support data sharing will enable downstream applications that will greatly improve the state of the art with respect to computer-aided synthesis planning, reaction prediction, and other predictive chemistry tasks.
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